Enzymatic misrepair of ionizing‐radiation‐induced DNA damage can produce large‐scale rearrangements of the genome, such as translocations and dicentrics. These and other chromosome exchange aberrations can cause major phenotypic alterations, including cell death, mutation and neoplasia. Exchange formation requires that two (or more) genomic loci come together spatially. Consequently, the surprisingly rich aberration spectra uncovered by recently developed techniques, when combined with biophysically based computer modeling, help characterize large‐scale chromatin architecture in the interphase nucleus. Most results are consistent with a picture (...) whereby chromosomes are mainly confined to territories, chromatin motion is limited, and interchromosomal interactions involve mainly territory surfaces. Aberration spectra and modeling also help characterize DNA repair/misrepair mechanisms. Quantitative results for mammalian cells are best described by a breakage‐and‐reunion model, suggesting that the dominant recombinational mechanism during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle is non‐homologous end‐joining of radiogenic DNA double strand breaks. In turn, better mechanistic and quantitative understanding of aberration formation gives new insights into health‐related applications. BioEssays 24:714–723, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

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Here I review the essays by McDowell, Dreyfus, and many others edited by Schear for "The McDowell/Dreyfus Debate". Topics include the relation between conceptuality and "non-conceptual content", the role of embodied coping in human life, the extent of continuity and discontinuity between humans and other animals, and the legacies of German Idealism and phenomenology.

Ausgehend von einer Analyse des "Begründungsstreits", der in den letzten Jahren im Anschluß an H. Alberts Kritik des methodischen Prinzips der Begründung v.a. in der deutschen Philosophie geführt worden ist, werden zunächst die Positionen von K. O. Apel und J. Habermas einer immanenten methodischen Kritik unterzogen. Beide Programme erweisen sich als undurchführbar. Ausgehend von einer Präzisierung des Begriffes "Begründung" wird durch systematische Einführung begründungstheoretischer Termini ein begriffsiches Instrumentarium vorgeschlagen, das eine Rekonstruktion von Begründungssituationen erlauben soll. Mit seiner Hilfe werden die (...) im "Münchhausen-Trilemma" unterstellten Begründungssituationen genauer analysiert. Das "Münchhausen-Trilemma" wird als Argumentation für eine konstruktivistische und gegen eine reduktivistische Begründungskonzeption gewertet. (shrink)

Books reviewed in this article:Daniele Archibugi, David Held, and Martin K??hler, Re‐imagining Political Community: Studies in Cosmopolitan Democracy.Max Pensky, The Postnational Constellation: Political Essays. By J??rgen Habermas.Beate Kohler‐Koch, Regieren in entgrenzten R??umen. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, special issue 29.Wolfgang Streeck, Internationale Wirtschaft, nationale Demokratie. Herausforderungen f??r die Demokratietheorie. Michael Z??rn, Regieren jenseits des Nationalstaates.

Scheint die Sache aussichtslos, wird das "Prinzip Hoffnung" beschworen. Dessen Urheber, Ernst Bloch, war allerdings nicht ins Scheitern, sondern ins "Gelingen verliebt" Für die Philosophie der "konkreten Utopie", die sich strikt vom utopischen Denken im Sinne eines "wishful thinking" abgrenzt, ist die gesellschaftliche Praxis Orientierungspunkt. Die Trias "Solidarität, Allianztechnik, Heimat" markiert ein Ultimum, das latent im Weltprozess vorscheint, aber der Realisierung durch das menschliche Subjekt immer noch bedarf. Ein entsprechendes philosophisches Begriffsinstrumentarium, dem der Gedanke vom "Prius der Theorie, Primat der (...) Praxis" zugrunde liegt, hat Bloch systematisch in seiner Kategorienlehre entwickelt. Gegenstand ist das universelle menschliche Sein als "Noch-Nicht-Sein". Akzentuiert wird die auf dem Prozesscharakter der Materie beruhende Möglichkeit der Veränderung. Dabei umfasst das Denken nicht nur Gesellschaft, Kunst und Religion, sondern auch die Natur - ein Gebiet, das zunehmend zu philosophischer Insichtnahme auffordert. Die wichtigsten Leitbegriffe der Bloch'schen Philosophie werden im Wörterbuch erläutert. (shrink)

In this paper I take issue with Rainer Forst's claim that his account of the demand for justification that is at the core of the idea of justice provides our political thinking with a final “fundamentum inconcussum”.

Nanometre-sized ! '-martensites , a few nanometres in cross-sectional diameter, formed at intersections of deformation twins, have been found in a heavily deformed 316-type austenitic stainless steel and examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy . An orientation relationship was found to be close to the Kurdjumov-Sachs relationship, that is , . HRTEM observations were conducted with a beam direction parallel to . The observed nanometre-sized ! '-martensites exhibited a habit plane and the cross-section of the nanometre-sized ! '-martensites were (...) elongated along [545] % . It has been revealed that the nanometre-sized ! '-martensites of a few nanometres diameter formed at the intersections of deformation twins have a typical habit plane of , which is identical with that reported for a fully grown plate such as ! '-martensite. The origin of the observed habit plane is discussed on the basis of the d 112 ¢ {111} ! shear displacements assisting the % M ! ' transformation. (shrink)

Zwei Anlässe bilden den Ausgangspunkt für diesen Sammelband. Anlässlich des 100. Todestags von Hermann Cohen fand im Oktober 2018 in Dortmund ein Symposium statt, das hier dokumentiert wird. Im Mittelpunkt standen hierbei die Fragen nach Cohens Bedeutung für die Philosophiegeschichte bis in die Gegenwart sowie nach der bleibenden Relevanz seines Religionsbegriffs. Zudem wird Dieter Adelmanns grundlegende Studie zum Herkommen des Begriffs „erzeugen“ in Cohens Logik der reinen Erkenntnis aus der Synthese von früher Wissenschaft des Judentums und der Humboldtschen Sprachphilosophie im (...) Werk H. Steinthals erstmals einer breiten Öffentlichkeit vorgelegt. Adelmann zeigt insbesondere die Bedeutung von M. Joel, Michael Sachs und Steinthal für das religiös geprägte Denken des Marburger Neukantianers und Erkenntnistheoretikers Cohen auf. Brigitte Falkenburg zeigt, dass jenseits von Cohens Erkenntnistheorie seine eigentliche Bedeutung im philosophischen Konstruktivismus zu finden ist. Knut Martin Stünkel wendet sich Cohens unterschätzter Religionsschrift Der Begriff der Religion im System der Philosophie von 1915 zu und entwickelt eine Religionstopologie, mit deren Hilfe eine metasprachliche Ebene der Religionsforschung ermöglicht wird. (shrink)

I reply to criticisms of my book, _A Democratic Bearing: Admirable Citizens, Uneven Injustice and Critical Theory_ from Simone Chambers, Rainer Forst, and Sharon Krause.

Introduction: the foundation of justice -- Practical reason and justifying reasons: on the foundation of morality -- Moral autonomy and the autonomy of morality : toward a theory of normativity after Kant -- Ethics and morality -- The justification of justice: Rawls's political liberalism and Habermas's discourse theory in dialogue -- Political liberty: integrating five conceptions of autonomy -- A critical theory of multicultural toleration -- The rule of reasons: three models of deliberative democracy -- Social justice, justification, and power (...) -- The basic right to justification: toward a constructivist conception of human rights -- Constructions of transnational justice: comparing John Rawls's the law of peoples and Otfried Höffe's democracy in an age of globalisation -- Justice, morality, and power in the global context -- Toward a critical theory of transnational justice. (shrink)

Rainer Forst develops a critical theory capable of deciphering the deficits and potentials inherent in contemporary political reality. This calls for a perspective which is immanent to social and political practices and at the same time transcends them. Forst regards society as a whole as an ‘order of justification’ comprising complexes of different norms referring to institutions and corresponding practices of justification. The task of a ‘critique of relations of justification’, therefore, is to analyse such legitimations with regard to (...) their validity and genesis and to explore the social and political asymmetries leading to inequalities in the ‘justification power’ which enables persons or groups to contest given justifications and to create new ones. Starting from the concept of justification as a basic social practice, Forst develops a theory of political and social justice, human rights and democracy, as well as of power and of critique itself. In so doing, he engages in a critique of a number of contemporary approaches in political philosophy and critical theory. Finally, he also addresses the question of the utopian horizon of social criticism. (shrink)

In der Reihe Beihefte zur Zeitschrift f r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (BZAW) erscheinen Arbeiten zu s mtlichen Gebieten der alttestamentlichen Wissenschaft. Im Zentrum steht die Hebr ische Bibel, ihr Vor- und Nachleben im antiken Judentum sowie ihre vielfache Verzweigung in die benachbarten Kulturen der altorientalischen und hellenistisch-r mischen Welt.

Fifty years after his death, Walter Benjamin remains one of the great cultural critics of this century. Despite his renown, however, Benjamin's philosophical ideas remain elusive/m-/often considered a disaggregated set of thoughts not meant to cohere. This book provides a more systematic perspective on Benjamin, laying claim to his status as a philosopher and situating his work in the context of its time. Exploring Benjamin's theory of language, spoken and nonspoken, Rainer Rochlitz shows how Benjamin reconceptualized traditional ideas of (...) language, art, and history. Offering an expansive assessment of a unique twentieth-century thinker, this volume provides an indispensable guide for readers of Benjamin's recently released collected works. (shrink)

Because modern societies are built on elaborate divisions of cognitive labor, individuals remain laypersons in most knowledge domains. Hence, they have to rely on others' expertise when deciding on many science-related issues in private and public life. Even children already locate and discern expertise in the minds of others. This study examines how far university students accurately judge experts' pertinence for science topics even when they lack proficient knowledge of the domain. Participants judged the pertinence of experts from diverse disciplines (...) based on the experts' assumed contributions to texts adapted from original articles from Science and Nature. Subjective pertinence judgments were calibrated by comparing them with bibliometrics of the original articles. Furthermore, participants' general science knowledge was controlled. Results showed that participants made well-calibrated pertinence judgments regardless of their level of general science knowledge. (shrink)

A historical investigation of the exclusion of Africa and Asia from modern histories of philosophy.

Interactive social cognition theory and approaches of developmental psychology widely agree that central aspects of emotional and social experience arise in the unfolding of processes of embodied social interaction. Bi-directional dynamical couplings of bodily displays such as facial expressions, gestures, and vocalizations have repeatedly been described in terms of coordination, synchrony, mimesis, or attunement. In this paper, I propose conceptualizing such dynamics rather as processes of affective resonance. Starting from the immediate phenomenal experience of being immersed in interaction, I develop (...) the philosophical notion of affective resonance to refer to a dynamic entanglement of moving and being-moved in relation. The concept of affective resonance makes visible that the interaction dynamic itself creates an affective experience rather than transmitting internal feeling states between pre-existent individuals. This leads to a philosophical framework in which relationality and ontogeny are primary over separate individuals, and in which the naturalistic distinction of a fundamental physical level versus an emerging level of social processes has to be given up. (shrink)

Daniel Bell and Wang Pei’s recent monograph, Just Hierarchy, seeks to defend hierarchical relationships against more egalitarian alternatives. This paper addresses their argument, offered in one chapter of the book, in favour of a hierarchical relationship between human and nonhuman animals. This relationship, Bell and Pei argue, should conform to what they call “subordination without cruelty:” it is permissible to subordinate and exploit animals for human ends, provided that we do not treat them cruelly. We focus on three aspects of (...) their view: their argument for a hierarchical view; their understanding of cruelty; and their account of the heightened duties they claim we owe to nonhuman animals who are intelligent, domesticated, and/or “cute.” We argue that the reasons that Bell and Pei offer fail to support their conclusions, and that, even if one accepts a hierarchical view, the conclusions that Bell and Pei draw about the permissibility of practices such as killing animals for food do not follow. We conclude by emphasizing philosophers’ responsibility to thoroughly test their arguments and to engage with existing debates, especially when the practices they seek to justify involve harms of great magnitude. (shrink)

This paper is a historical, legal and philosophical analysis of the concept of human dignity in German and Kenyan constitutional law. We base our analysis on decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, in particular its take on life imprisonment and its 2006 decision concerning the shooting of hijacked airplanes, and on a close reading of the Constitution of Kenya. We also present a dialogue between us in which we offer some critical remarks on the concept of human dignity (...) in the two constitutions, each one of us from his own philosophical perspective. (shrink)

English summary: Gilduin (1155) was, from 1113, the first abbot of the community of the Canons Regular of St Augustine, soon to become an abbey, under the auspices of St Victor of Marseille, on the left bank of the river Seine. After the death of his confrere Hugh, who was of German descent and the leading figure of the Victorines, on 11 February 1141, abbot Gilduin took care that the writings of Hugh were collected and compiled in a representative complete (...) edition. This 'Gilduin-edition' - as it is called in Medieval scholarship - comprises four volumes, the first of which is reconstructed herewith and presented in print. This volume follows the 2008 edition of Hugh's theological summa, De sacramentis christiane fidei. Then as now we are dealing with a critical albeit historical text. This new volume contains nine works, among which the first ever complete edition of Hugh's Cronica surely stands out. German description: Gilduin (+ 1155) war ab 1113 der erste Abt der einige Jahre zuvor gegrundeten und bald zur Abtei erhobenen Gemeinschaft von Augustinerchorherren unter dem Patronat des hl. Victor von Marseille, auf dem linken Ufer der Seine. Nach dem Tode seines Mitbruders Hugo, des aus Deutschland stammenden fuhrenden Kopfes der Viktoriner, am 11. Februar 1141 hat Abt Gilduin dafur gesorgt, daa die Schriften Hugos gesammelt und in einer reprasentativen Gesamtausgabe zusammengestellt werden. Diese in der internationalen mediavistischen Forschung so genannte,Gilduin-Ausgabe' der Werke Hugos von Saint-Victor umfaat vier Bande, deren erster hiermit rekonstruiert und im Druck vorgelegt wird. Dieser Band folgt somit auf unsere im Jahre 2008 besorgte Ausgabe der theologischen Summe Hugos, De sacramentis christiane fidei. Damals wie heute handelt es sich um einen kritischen, wenngleich historischen Text. Dieser neue Band umfaat neun Werke, unter denen insbesondere die uberhaupt erste vollstandige Ausgabe von Hugos Cronica hervorzuheben ist. (shrink)